What symptoms suggest a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

What symptoms suggest a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

• A. Temperature rise of 2°C and hematuria
• B. Temperature rise of 1°C or higher, without hemolysis
• C. Severe allergic reaction symptoms within minutes
• D. Immediate hemolysis of transfused blood cells

Answer: (B)

A febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is characterized primarily by an increase in body temperature, typically defined as a rise of 1°C or greater from the pre-transfusion baseline, occurring during or shortly after the transfusion. This reaction is usually not associated with hemolysis (the destruction of red blood cells) and can be attributed to the recipient's immune response to cytokines in the donor blood or other immune factors. The choice indicating a temperature rise of 1°C or higher without hemolysis aligns directly with the typical clinical definition and presentation of a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction. Symptoms such as chills or shaking may also accompany the fever, but the absence of hemolysis is a critical distinguishing feature. Fever responses due to other causes, such as severe allergic reactions or immediate hemolysis of transfused blood cells, present different clinical features that help differentiate them from a febrile nonhemolytic reaction. For example, severe allergic reactions usually manifest with urticaria or anaphylaxis and occur shortly after transfusion starts, while immediate hemolysis is marked by hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and other severe symptoms due to the breakdown of red blood cells. Thus

A febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is characterized primarily by an increase in body temperature, typically defined as a rise of 1°C or greater from the pre-transfusion baseline, occurring during or shortly after the transfusion. This reaction is usually not associated with hemolysis (the destruction of red blood cells) and can be attributed to the recipient's immune response to cytokines in the donor blood or other immune factors.

The choice indicating a temperature rise of 1°C or higher without hemolysis aligns directly with the typical clinical definition and presentation of a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction. Symptoms such as chills or shaking may also accompany the fever, but the absence of hemolysis is a critical distinguishing feature.

Fever responses due to other causes, such as severe allergic reactions or immediate hemolysis of transfused blood cells, present different clinical features that help differentiate them from a febrile nonhemolytic reaction. For example, severe allergic reactions usually manifest with urticaria or anaphylaxis and occur shortly after transfusion starts, while immediate hemolysis is marked by hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and other severe symptoms due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Thus