What type of transfusion reaction is indicated by symptoms of tachycardia, hypertension, and urinalysis showing hematuria?

The symptoms of tachycardia, hypertension, and hematuria on urinalysis suggest a significant physiological response, which is consistent with volume overload. In cases of transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), excessive volume or rate of transfusion can lead to heart failure or increased blood pressure as the heart works harder to manage the fluid.

Tachycardia occurs as the body attempts to maintain perfusion due to increased blood volume, while hypertension results from impaired capacity of the heart and circulatory system to handle the extra volume. Hematuria can arise due to renal complications stemming from the overload, such as damage to the renal vasculature or increased pressure leading to glomerular leakage.

This reaction is different from febrile nonhemolytic reactions, which usually present with fevers and chills rather than the severe symptoms seen here. Acute hemolytic reactions, while serious and can include hematuria, are characterized more by fever, chills, and possibly back pain rather than the specific pattern of hypertension and tachycardia with genuine hematuria. Anaphylactic reactions typically present with respiratory distress and hives rather than these cardiovascular symptoms and hematuria.

Thus, the symptoms point clearly to volume overload as