Which cells are primarily associated with Toll-like receptors?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a crucial component of the innate immune system and are primarily found on the surface of dendritic cells. These receptors play a vital role in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are found on various microorganisms. When dendritic cells detect these PAMPs through TLRs, they become activated and initiate an immune response. This activation leads to the production of cytokines and the maturation of dendritic cells, which in turn enhances the adaptive immune response by stimulating T and B cells.

While other cell types, such as T cells and B cells, are essential for adaptive immunity, they do not primarily express TLRs and do not have the same direct role in recognizing pathogens through these receptors. Large granular lymphocytes, primarily natural killer (NK) cells, also do not express TLRs in the same manner as dendritic cells. Thus, dendritic cells are the most closely associated with TLRs, making them the correct choice.