Which of the following statements regarding infection with hepatitis D virus is true?

Infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) is closely linked to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Hepatitis D requires the presence of HBV for its replication and pathogenicity, making it possible only in individuals who are either already infected with HBV or have been vaccinated against it. When HDV co-infects with HBV, it can lead to more severe liver disease. This relationship is critical because it highlights the dependence of HDV on HBV for transmission and continuation.

Understanding the context of the other options reinforces why the correct choice stands out. While HDV may indeed occur more frequently in individuals who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV, it is not a virus that is exclusively associated with HIV infections. Additionally, HDV is known to cause both acute and chronic infections, making the statement about not progressing to chronic hepatitis inaccurate. Lastly, HDV is indeed spread through blood and sexual contact, making the assertion regarding its mode of transmission incorrect. Therefore, the association of HDV with HBV is the defining characteristic that validates the correct choice in this context.