Which test is typically used for early detection of HIV infection?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is widely recognized for its ability to detect the presence of the HIV virus at an early stage of infection. This method amplifies the genetic material of the virus, allowing for the identification of HIV even before antibodies have developed, which can take weeks to months after exposure. Early detection is crucial for timely intervention and treatment, making PCR an essential tool in managing HIV infections.

While other tests like the Western blot and the ELISA are valuable in diagnosing HIV, they typically rely on the presence of antibodies to the virus, which may not be detectable in the initial stages of infection. The rapid antibody test also looks for antibodies, aligning it with ELISA in terms of timing for detection. Therefore, PCR stands out among these options for its early detection capabilities, especially in acute HIV infections.